1、细菌、病毒、真菌感染后脑脊液的反应特点

（1）细菌感染：压力常升高，外观浑浊或脓性，细胞数明显升高，以中性粒细胞为主，糖和氯化物降低，蛋白质升高；

（2）病毒感染 ：压力正常或轻度增高，颜色无色透明或黄变，有核细胞数轻度增高，以淋巴细胞为主，糖和氯化物正常，蛋白质轻中度增高；

（3）真菌感染 ：压力常增高，以淋巴细胞为主，轻中度增高，蛋白质增高，糖含量降低。

2、请简述单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的临床特点

（1）单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎最常见侵及大脑颞叶、额叶及边缘系统，引起脑组织出血性坏死和变态反应性脑损害；

（2）急性起病，有全身中毒反应的前驱反应；

（3）临床表现多见发热、头痛、呕吐、脑膜刺激征、癫痫发作、精神行为异常、意识障碍，重者可因广泛脑实质坏死和脑水肿引起颅内压增高甚至脑疝而死亡。

 

1. Characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid response after bacterial, viral and fungal infection

(1) Bacterial infection: the pressure is often increased, the appearance is turbid or purulent, the number of cells is significantly increased, mainly neutrophils, sugar and chloride are reduced, and protein is increased;

(2) Virus infection: normal or slightly increased pressure, colorless, transparent or yellowish color, slightly increased number of nucleated cells, mainly lymphocytes, normal sugar and chloride, slightly or moderately increased protein;

(3) Fungal infection: the pressure is often increased, mainly lymphocytes, slightly or moderately increased, protein increased and sugar content decreased.

2. Please briefly describe the clinical features of herpes simplex encephalitis

(1) Herpes simplex virus encephalitis most commonly invades the temporal lobe, frontal lobe and limbic system of the brain, causing hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue and allergic brain damage;

(2) Acute onset, precursor reaction of systemic poisoning reaction;

(3) Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, vomiting, meningeal irritation, seizures, abnormal mental behavior and disturbance of consciousness. Severe cases can die due to increased intracranial pressure or even brain hernia caused by extensive brain parenchymal necrosis and brain edema.