1-什么是中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病？

A demyelinating disease is any condition that results in damage to the protective covering (myelin sheath) that surrounds nerve fibers in your brain, optic nerves and spinal cord. When the myelin sheath is damaged, nerve impulses slow or even stop, causing neurological problems.

Includes Diseases: Neuromyelitis optica; Multiple sclerosis

脱髓鞘疾病是指任何会导致大脑、视神经和脊髓神经纤维周围的保护层（髓鞘）受损的病症。 当髓鞘受损时，神经冲动减慢甚至停止，导致神经系统问题。

包括疾病：视神经脊髓炎； 多发性硬化症

 

2、多发性硬化的诊断标准是什么？

The 4 common diagnostic tools used to prove or disprove MS – multiple sclerosis by clinical neurologists are:

A comprehensive patient medical history and neurological exam.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the neuroaxis.

Evoked Potentials testing.

Analysis of the spinal fluid.

时间多发性: 临床发作次数（>2次）、

脑脊液寡克隆阳性可代替一次时间多发性.

空间多发性:有客观证据的临床证据（MRI或临床发作证据）的病变数目

>2次.

常见部位：脑室周围（含胼胝体）、近皮层区域（毗邻大脑皮层）、幕下区域、脊髓.

 

3、请简述视神经脊髓炎谱系病（NMOSD）六大核心症状？

视神经炎，急性脊髓炎，极后区综合征：顽固性恶心呃逆呕吐；急性脑干综合征；间脑综合征：发作性睡眠、体温调节异常；大脑综合征：高级智能减退